Heterotrophic growth

Heterotrophic Growth of Suspended Biomass and Growth Related Oxygen Consumption... 

The biomass is not effective throughout the whole cycle therefore, the process time (tP) is therefore the effective duration (tE) with respect to heterotrophic growth and endogenous respiration (Artan, 2001). 

Paracoccus Capable of both lithotrophic and heterotrophic growth... 

The oxygen uptake rate terms are considered in more detail. Here they are represented by four terms, oxygen uptake rate due to heterotrophic growth (r ), oxygen consumption rate by organism decay (r ), oxygen uptake rate due to Nitrosomonas (r ) and Nitrobacter (r4) respectively. The specific carbonaceous oxygen uptake rate (SCOUR) is defined by (6)... 

Chen, F. 1996. High cell density culture of microalgae in heterotrophic growth. Trends Biotechnol., 14,421 126. 

Table II contains representative over-all reactions for methane fermentations of acetate and hydrogen, respectively. Acetate fermentation is mediated by heterotrophic organisms which use acetate as a carbon source for synthesis as well as energy. For reaction B , Ek represents the electron equivalents of the electron donor converted for energy per electron equivalent of cells synthesized. Hydrogen fermentation, by contrast, is mediated by autotrophic organisms which use carbon dioxide, acetate, or some other carbon source for cell synthesis. In the equation shown in Table II acetate was assumed to be the carbon source used as found for this fermentation by Bryant (I). E has the same definition as for heterotrophic growth.

Blankley, W.F., 1971. Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth and Calcification in Cocco-lithophorids. Doctoral thesis. University of California, San Diego, CA, pp. 

Even when the main source of cell carbon is not CO2 (heterotrophic growth), CO2 fixation reactions are still important as the dark fixation reactions, essential for the operation of many biosynthetic pathways. In both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth, CO2 can also play a catalytic role (Raven, 1974). 

Khoja, T. and Whitton, B.A., 1971. Heterotrophic growth of blue-green algae. Arch. Mikrobiol., 79 280—282. 

By using colistine for the enrichment procedure, many auxotrophic mutants defective in the biosynthetic pathway of valine and isoleucine have been isolated. From an isoleucine-requiring mutant, defective in threonine desaminase, a prototrophic revertant has been isolated. The threonine desaminase of this revertant differs from the wild type enzyme in that its affinity for isoleucine is diminished. This revertant excretes isoleucine. Another revertant of an isoleucine-deficient mutant was obtained which formed the enzyme acetohydroxy add synthetase constitutively. During heterotrophic growth with fructose or lactate as substrates, valine, isoleucine and leucine were excreted into the culture medium. Approximately 0.6 g of amino acids were produced per liter suspension when lactate was supplied as a substrate under autotrophic conditions the excretion was negligible (Reh, 1970 Fig. 12). 

Growth of heterotrophic organisms converts dissolved organic substrate partly into bacterial biomass and releases part of it in mineralized form. The process formulation for heterotrophic growth given in Table 16.7 (Reichert et al., 2001a,b) is strongly influenced by how this process has been... 

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