Heterogeneous catalysis oximes

One of the exciting results to come out of heterogeneous catalysis research since the early 1980s is the discovery and development of catalysts that employ hydrogen peroxide to selectively oxidize organic compounds at low temperatures in the liquid phase. These catalysts are based on titanium, and the important discovery was a way to isolate titanium in framework locations of the inner cavities of zeolites (molecular sieves). Thus, mild oxidations may be run in water or water-soluble solvents. Practicing organic chemists now have a way to catalytically oxidize benzene to phenols alkanes to alcohols and ketones primary alcohols to aldehydes, acids, esters, and acetals secondary alcohols to ketones primary amines to oximes secondary amines to hydroxyl-amines and tertiary amines to amine oxides. 

Historically, it took many years to achieve the almost perfect stereocontrol of an enantioselechve hydrogenahon reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst, with a resultant 97-99% enanhomeric excess (ee) of the product One of the oldest such examples is that of tartaric acid-modified platinum black for the hydrogenahon of an oxime to give a chiral amine of <20% ee [2]. Nonetheless, many reviews in this field have provided a clear history of the enanhoselechve catalysis from silk-palladium-a palladium metal supported on a chiral silk fiber to hydrogenate a... 

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