Heterogeneous binding thermodynamic

If peptide residues are converted to peptoid residues, the conformational heterogeneity of the polymer backbone is likely to increase due to cis/trans isomerization at amide bonds. This will lead to an enhanced loss of conformational entropy upon peptoid/protein association, which could adversely affect binding thermodynamics. A potential solution is the judicious placement of bulky peptoid side chains that constrain backbone dihedral angles. 

One function in some heterogeneous catalysts is to bind and dissociate simple diatomic molecules such as Nj and CO. The strength of the binding interaction with the metal surface provides the thermodynamic drive for these cleavage reactions. Reactions such as CO and N2 dissociation appear to require more than one surface metal atom, and this phenomenon is referred to as a metal ensemble effect (22). Thus, the conversion of CO + H2 to... 

Kinniburgh, D. G., W. H. Van Riemsdijk, L. K. Koopal, M. Borkovec, M. F. Benedetti, and M. J. Avena. 1999. Ion binding to natural organic matter Competition, heterogeneity, stoichiometry and thermodynamic consistency. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 151, no. 1-2 147-166. 

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