Herbivore Attack by Small Predators

The first study was by Penuelas et al. [203]. This revealed that Euphydryas aurinia caterpillars feeding on Succisa pratensis leaves induced emissions of large amounts of methanol and other VOCs (including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and lipoxygenase-derived volatile compounds (e.g. (Z)-3hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate)). VOC release was monitored immediately after leaf attack (within the first hour) and after 1 day of continuous herbivorous feeding. Some of the VOCs observed at the start of the 

Glucosinolates are plant-produced organic conpounds that contain sulfur and nitrogen and are well-known defence compounds used by a plant. 

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