Heparin sulfate mimics

Miao H.Q., Ishai-Michaeli R., Peretz X, Vlodavsky I., Laminarin sulfate mimics the effects of heparin on smooth muscle cell proliferation and basic fibroblast growth factor-receptor binding and mitogenic activity, J. Cell Physiol, 164(3), 1995,482-490. 

Fondaparinux is a chemically synthesized pentasaccharide that mimics the antithrombin-binding site of heparin and LMWH. Its molecular size (1728Da) is too small to bind to thrombin molecules while it is bound to antithrombin, Therefore, it is a pure anti-Xa inhibitor. It binds very little to platelets, proteins, or endothelium and is excreted in the urine, It does not form a complex with PF4 or other positively charged molecules. It is not neutralizable by protamine sulfate, Recent clinical trials have resulted in FDA approval for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis in orthopedic surgery, It has been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (20,21) and ACS (non-ST-elevation Ml) (OASIS 5—Michelangelo Trial) (17). 

Ionic derivatives of cydodextrins have also been made. These derivatives exhibit high solubility in aqueous systems. Complexes made with ionic derivatives are also very soluble. A sulfated derivative has been found to be useful for solubilization of drugs. It also has been found to mimic heparin and act as an inhibitor of infection of cells by viruses. A sulfobutyl ether derivative is also capable of solubilizing various drugs.67,68... 

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