Heparin protein-salt solutions

Heparins are mucopolysaccharides isolated from mammalian tissue, which can be isolated and identified as crystalline barium salts with a well-defined chemical composition (12 percent S, 2 percent N, [a]D + 55°) extremely soluble in water (> 1 gm/ml), insoluble in organic solvents, relatively low viscosity in aqueous solution with exceptional ability to combine with proteins to alter their physical and biological properties and to produce metachromatic colors with basic dyes. 

It turned out that the dynamical behaviour of polyelectrolyte solutions is even more spectacular then theoretically anticipated. In the early 1970s mostly biopolymers such as DNA were studied and often two separate relaxations were observed which were then attributed to internal relaxations [197-202]. During the past twenty years numerous studies on synthetic polyelectrolytes (NaPSS, NaPMA, NaPAA, QPVP), proteins (BSA, PLL), polynucleotides (DNA, RNA) and charged polysaccharides (heparin, chondroitin-6-sulfate, proteoglycan hyal-onurate) have been performed. The dynamical behaviour of all these polymers exhibits common features which are attributed to the ionic character of the polyelectrolytes. So far, most studies have focused on the dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient on polyelectrolyte concentration, salt concentra-... 

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