Helminthic infections chemotherapy

Loukas A, Hotez PJ. Chemotherapy of helminth infections. In Brunton LL, et al, eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. New York McGraw-EIill 2006. 

Chapter 11. Chemotherapy of infections Chapter 12. Antibacterial drugs Chapter 13. Chemotherapy of bacterial infections Chapter 14. Viral, fungal, protozoal and helminthic infections... 

It is a newly discovered intestinal helminth infection of man found in Latin America. The causative agents of the disease, Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. can-tonensis, produce tumor-like lesions in the colon. Chemotherapy is usually not very satisfactory. Sometimes surgical intervention may be required. 

Albonico M, Stoltzfus RJ, Savioli L, et al. Controlled evaluation of two school-based anthelminthic chemotherapy regimens on the intensity of intestinal helminth infections. Int J Epidemiol 1999 28 591-596. 

Chemotherapy of Protozoal Infections Malaria 663 40. Chemotherapy of Protozoal Infections Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, and Other Protozoal Infections 683 41. Chemodier y of Helminth Infections 697... 

Nematode Infections - There have been several review articles dealing with chemotherapy of nematode Infections.5.7> 9 Reports on tetramisole (XVIII) have appeared confirming its activity against ascarid infections in man.l " As indicated earlier, treatment of other helminth infections was not as satisfactory. 50-152 ew synthesis of tetramisole starting with the condensation of styrene oxide emd ethylenimine has been reported. 

As early as 1940 s nitrofurans caught attention by virtue of their good antibacterial activity. Exploitation of this lead in helminth chemotherapy showed that nitroheterocycles may be useful in the treatment of various worm infections in different hosts including humans. Consequently, various laboratories set out to search for new anthelmintic drugs derived from nitroheterocycles and nitroaryls, opening one of the fascinating chapters in the chemotherapy of parasitic diseases. 

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