Helmholtz, Herman

The extended Hiickel theory calculations, used in this work and discussed below, are based on the approaches of Hoffmann Although VSIP values given by Cusachs, Reynolds and Barnard were explored for use as the Coulomb integrals, the VSIP values obtained from a Hartree-Fock-Slater approximation by Herman and Skillman were consistently used in the present EHT calculations by this author. Both the geometric mean formula due to Mulliken and Cusachs formula ) were considered for the Hamiltonian construction, but the Mulliken-Wolfsberg-Helmholtz arithmetic mean formula was chosen for use. 

G. Schiemann (ed.) Herman von Helmholtz s Mechanism at the Dawn of Modernity. A Study on the Transition from Classical to Modern Philosophy of Nature. 2008... 

The difference U - TS = F characterizes extensive property, which is called isochrone-isothermal potential. This concept was introduced in 1882 by Herman Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894). As heat TS is considered associated energy, he called it free energy. Often this potential is called Helmholtz free energy. Therefore, under isochrone-iso-thermal conditions maximum useful work is the function of free energy, or Helmholtz energy, change ... 

This model is attributable to the great nineteenth-centuiy scientist Herman von Helmholtz, although there are severd other models. The dissolved metal ions line up in a double layer of atomically thin sheets immediately next to the parent metal. This layer has electric qualities of a battery, a capacitor, and an electric resistor. These qualities profoundly affect bioelectrode performance and its ability to accurately report biopotentials. 

Helmholtz, 1882-1895] H. von Helmholtz. Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen von Herman von Helmholtz, 3 vols. (Leipzig J. A. Barth), 1882-1895. 

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