HEDMs

Rice BM, Byrd EFC, Mattson WD (2007) Computational Aspects of Nitrogen-Rich HEDMs. 125 153-194... 

Klapotke, T. M., and Ang, H.-G., Estimation of the Crystalline Density of Ni-tramine (N-N02-based) High Energy Density Materials (HEDM), Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 26, 2001, pp. 221-224. 

Even though theoretical studies have identified a number of potentially metastable structures [1, 2], the experimentally observed nitrogen compounds are still few. The azide anion, N3, wai. first synthesized in 1890 by Curtius [3]. Christie and coworkers have since 1999 reported the preparation and isolation of Ns"1" together with several different counter ions [4, 5]. A few other species, such as N3, Ns+, N4+, and N6, have been observed only as gaseous or matrix-isolated ions or radicals [6-12], We recently reported the detection of cyclic N5 in a mass spectrometry experiment [13], This observation has later been verified by Christie et. al. in a more elaborate study [14], The experimental preparation and detection of an open-chain N4 molecule was reported in 2002 by Cacace et al [15]. This species is expected to be unstable towards bimolecular decomposition and also too low in energy to be of any greater interest as a HEDM. 

One of the most interesting candidates for a HEDM among the polynitrogen compounds is tetraazatetrahedrane [N4(7rf)]. The energy release involved in the dissociation of this N4 isomer into N2 has been estimated to more than 180 kcal/mol [16], Despite the incredibly high energy content, the... 

The high heat of formation of the N3 cation ( 350 kcal/mol) makes it very attractive as a component of high energy density materials (HEDMs). However, its large vertical electron affinity (vEA) of 6.1 eV poses a problem So far, the preparation of only NsAsFg, N ShF, and NjSb2Fu has been reported. The oxidation of Br2 (IP 10.5 eV) by N SbFj shows that N3 is also susceptible to nucleophilic attack by Lewis bases. Calculations on NjNj show that such a crystal may exist, but nucleophilic attach of the anion is a likely side-reaction. We think that less electronegative derivatives of N3 may be less sensitive to both reduction and nucleophilic attack. 

UxV s increase of AUex today 5- 6 k g"1 future 10-20 k g"1 amalgamation of warhead and weapon into one no-return system super high explosives, novel HEDMs poly-N, poly-N20 reactive structures novel materials... 

Modern high-energy-density materials (HEDM) derive most of their energy from either ... 

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