Heavy Weather Damage

The number of vessels suffering weather damage is comparatively low as seen in the graph in Figure 2.5. Small vessels are particularly vulnerable to these accidents, especially when they go out further away from the coastline for their fishing operation (due to the reduced fishing opportunities in British waters). These small vessels will be working far offshore where they cannot withstand the severe weather and wave conditions that can occur unexpectedly. Heavy... 

Observations around point sources in Britain suggest that they produce lichen deserts, the margins of which are frequently characterized by damaged thalli, e.g., chalky white L. conizaeoides or Parmelia saxatilis and P. sulcata which show abnormal pink, white, or brown coloration in the thallus. These colors which may to some extent be reversible are caused by sublethal fumigations associated with abnormal weather conditions or an unusually heavy exposition of pollutants. The edge of deserts associated with powerful point sources are thus not in as complete a state of equilibrium as urban deserts where pollution levels are more stable. 

Initiating events are typically divided into two broad groups. Internal events include equipment failures and human errors occurring within the plant such as pipe breaks, stuck valves, damaged pumps, instrument failures, and operator errors. External events include natural and human-caused events outside the plant such as earthquakes, tornadoes and other severe weather, floods caused by heavy precipitation or dam failure, aircraft crashes, and volcanic activity. There are sometimes exceptions to the use of the plant boundary to distinguish internal from external events. For example, fires internal to the plant have traditionally been classified as external events (although many analysts now agree they should be classified as internal events). 

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