Heavy lanthanide metals ordering

From a magnetic point of view, Gd is the simplest of the lanthanide metals. Exchange favors FM, while all other heavy lanthanide metals initially show AFM order. The Curie temperature (7c = 293 K) is in a convenient temperature range. The Gd + ion has a half-filled 4f shell. It is thus an S state ion featuring pure (but very strong) spin magnetism. 

Magnetic ordering in alloys of heavy lanthanide metals 508... 

Temperature dependence of magnetic ordering in the heavy lanthanide metals... 

In this section we consider the results of X-ray scattering experiments on the two remaining heavy lanthanide metals not yet considered, Dy and Tb, both of which order as basal-plane helices below their respective Neel temperatures. 

Magnetically ordered state of the heavy lanthanide metals and their alloys... 

Espd is the energy of the electrons in a f-non-bonding solid e.g., thorium or the lanthanide or the heavy actinide metals. Hence, an expression valid for these less complicated cases may be chosen, Johansson and Skriver chose to integrate Murnaghan s first-order equation of state ... 

Keeton and Loucks (1968) applied these ideas to the lanthanide metals by searching for nesting pieces of Fermi surface in the heavy lanthanides. The only candidates were the webbing pieces discussed in section 2.3.1 and illustrated in fig. 3.7. The webbing pieces are separated by a displacement in the c direction this agrees with the observation that all periodic ordering in these metals have... 

Finally, in order to fill the demand for heavy lanthanides ( Yttrium group ), which are requested for expanding specific applications, the more abundant light elements ( Cerium group ) tend to be in oversupply. Therefore, a reasonable price can be foreseen in many cases, allowing lanthanides to be considered also as substitutes for more conventional but less abundant or less cheap transition metals. 

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