Health infections and nutrition

5 Health infections and nutrition 9.5.1 Primary and secondary infections 

The maintenance of a stable hatchery environment to avoid stress in the larvae cannot be overemphasised. There is a high probability that the hatchery contains a reservoir of latent pathogens at any one time which, while under stable conditions, may not induce disease. However, a physiological 

Common to the other aquaculture species, the development of a larval feed for phyllosomas requires at least a basic knowledge of what is the natural 

In the absence of a suitable commercially available artificial diet, five and fresh feed sources currently represent the most suitable vehicle for the administration of nutrition for the promotion of adequate growth and survival in phyllosomas. While phyllosomas will readily accept a variety of commercially available five and fresh feed sources, such as squid, mussel mantle and gonad, vlrfemia sp., oyster and clam, it is generally well accepted that Anemia sp. and mussel gonad, in combination, are the most common food sources for phyUosoma culture (Takeuchi and Murakami, 2007). However, fluctuations in the supply and nutritional quality of these feed sources results in an unreliable feed source, which potentially impedes the establishment of robust mass rearing protocols. 

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