Hawker

Hawker C J, Seville P M and White J W 1994 The synthesis and characterization of a self-assembling amphiphilic fullerene J. Org. Chem. 59 3503-5... 

J.M.J. Frechet (C. J. Hawker, 1990) replaced the divergent synthesis by a convergent growth of a dendritic polymer. The repeatedly employed monomer, 5-hydroxymethyl-l, 3-benzenediol, was 1,3-O-dibenzylatcd with 3,5-bis(benzyloxy)benzyl bromide. The resulting benzyl alcohol containing 7 benzene rings was converted to the benzyl bromide which was... 

The literature on Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) through 2001 was reviewed by Hawker el al. vu 7 More recently the subject has been reviewed by Sluder and Schulte10 and Solomon.109 NMP is also discussed by Fischer110 and Goto and Fukuda" in their reviews of the kinetics of living radical polymerization and is mentioned in most reviews on living radical polymerization. A simplified mechanism of NMP is shown in Scheme 9.17. 

Two basic strategics have been applied to initiate NMP. In the first method, the initiator is a low molecular weight alkoxyamine (Scheme 9.4). This approach was used in the original work of Solomon and coworkers,111-113 Later, Hawker and coworkers141X165 also exploited this method and coined the term Tinimer to describe these initiators. 

Hawker, C.J. In Handbook of Radical Polymerization Davis, T.P. Malyjaszewski,... 

AB2 reacts selectively with only one antagonist function of a second polyfunctional molecule, the other ones being protected81 (Fig. 5.16). The perfect hyperbranched molecules obtained according to that step-by-step process are called dendrimers. The degree of branching characterizes the structure of a hyperbranched polymer and has been defined by Hawker et al.82 as... 

In 1996, Hawker and Frechet83 discussed a comparison between linear hyperbranched and dendritic macromolecules (Fig. 5.17) obtained with the same monomeric structure, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic. The thermal properties (glass transition and thermal decomposition) were not affected by the architecture. 

Later, Hawker and Chu prepared two different monomers, 3,5,-difluoro-4 -hy-droxybenzophenone and 3,5-dihydroxy-4,-fluorobenzophenone (Scheme 6.21).158... 

Malmstrom, E.E. and Hawker, C.J. Macromolecular engineering via living free-radical polymerizations, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 199, 923, 1998. 

Wong MW (2003) Quantum-Chemical Calculations of Sulfur-Rich Compounds. 231 1-29 Wooley KL, Hawker CJ (2005) Nanoscale Objects Perspectives Regarding Methodologies for their Assembly, Covalent Stabilization and Utilization. 245 287-305 Wrodnigg TM, Eder B (2001) The Amadori and Heyns Rearrangements Landmarks in the History of Carbohydrate Chemistry or Unrecognized Synthetic Opportunities 215 115-175... 

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