Hardening by solvent or dispersing medium removal

Solutions and latices usually contain the already polymerized adhesive dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents or water. In the case of a solution the 

This poorer performance is often attributable to the lack of cleaning action of water in removing contaminants on the substrate surface, compared to that of organic solvents, again emphasizing the interaction between the choice of substrate surface pretreatment and that of the adhesive which was noted in the previous chapter. 

The main polymers used as solutions and latices are shown in Table 5.1, but it should be recalled that any commercial adhesive will be a complex formulation. 

For example, starch is the principal water-dispersible natural polymer used industrially as an adhesive and in its many forms it is widely employed in the paper and paper products industry. Poly(vinyl acetate) and its copolymers are synthetic materials and are usually used as aqueous latices. They have found widespread used in the paper industry, where their often superior properties offset their higher price, and are used in bookbinding, milk cartons, envelopes, etc. and are also very familiar as the household white glue for woodworking. 

Solvent-based Nitrocellulose Cellulose acetate butyrate Cyclized rubber Polyisobutylene 

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