Hamiltonian electroweak

The Hamiltonian considered above, which connmites with E, involves the electromagnetic forces between the nuclei and electrons. However, there is another force between particles, the weak interaction force, that is not invariant to inversion. The weak charged current mteraction force is responsible for the beta decay of nuclei, and the related weak neutral current interaction force has an effect in atomic and molecular systems. If we include this force between the nuclei and electrons in the molecular Hamiltonian (as we should because of electroweak unification) then the Hamiltonian will not conuuiite with , and states of opposite parity will be mixed. However, the effect of the weak neutral current interaction force is mcredibly small (and it is a very short range force), although its effect has been detected in extremely precise experiments on atoms (see, for... 

With the exception of recent extensions to electroweak theory [1] chemistry deals exclusively with electromagnetic interactions. The starting point for a quantum theory to describe these interactions is the Lagrangian formalism since it allows the correct identification of conjugated momenta appearing in the Hamiltonian [2]. Full-fledged quantum electrodynamics (QED) is based on a Lagrangian of the form... 

Within the electroweak model, which unifies the electromagnetic and the weak interaction, the electroweak Hamiltonian Hew does not commute with the parity operator. Hew can be split into a parity conserving term Hpc behaving even under parity and a parity violating term Hpv that behaves... 

In this section, I will sketch the way from the electroweak sector of the current standard model of physics to the actual Hamiltonians employed in... 

The parity nonconservation (PNC) terms of the molecular Hamiltonian originating in electroweak electron-nucleon interactions and their effect on NMR parameters have been discussed. Owing to the short-range nature of such PNC interactions, they occur only when the electron is inside the atomic nucleus. Terms linear and bilinear in the nuclear spins were obtained and their contributions to the J tensor were calculated employing RSPT. However, no numerical estimates of their importance were reported. 

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