Shift, Hamburger

The subscript i refers to the inside of the cell and the subscript o to the extracellular fluid r is a function primarily of the net charge and concentration of the hemoglobin and of the plasma proteins. There must eventually be a finite increase in extracellular [H+] to reach equilibrium, but the addition of HC03" to the plasma via the Hamburger shift will, if it alters the pH at all, increase it. The cell membrane is considered... 

This occurs because deoxy-Hb forms carbamino-complexes with C02 more readily than oxy-Hb. Secondly, deoxy-Hb is a better buffer of H+ than oxy-Hb and this increases the amount of HC03 formed. Once formed, HC03 diffuses out of the erythrocyte. To maintain electrical neutrality Cl- moves in. This is known as the Cl shift or the Hamburger effect. 

Predictions for p + Ca elastic scattering at 300 MeV and p + at 400 eV are shown in figs. 21 and 22, respectively, by the dashed-dotted curves. The solid curves indicate the density dependent Watson t-matrix results while the lA predictions are shown by the dashed lines. All three sets of calculations include correlation contributions (from the second-order term in the optical potential, see section 3.7), use densities determined from electron scattering, and for the lA calculations and the density dependent t-matrix predictions, the SP82 phase shift solution of Arndt [Ar83] was used. The solid and dashed curves shown in figs. 21 and 22 are reproduced from ref. [Ra ]. The quality of the fits is improved when density dependence is included. The Paris-Hamburg g-matrix results are similar to the density dependent t-matrix results, except in their respective predictions for the 400 MeV p -I- " Pb differential cross section and spin rotation at lar an es. 

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