Hamburg harbour

In sediments from Germany, Ballschmiter [71] reported C10-C13 PCA levels ranging from 0.017 pg g 1 in Hamburg Harbour to 0.7 pg g 1 from the River Lech. In Canada, Muir et al. [73] reported C10-Cl3 (60-70% Cl) PCA concentra-... 

The Wilhelm Gustloff prewar, in Hamburg harbour. She was sunk on 31 January 1945 with record loss of life, an ill omen for Operation Hannibal w hich had hiirdly bej un by that date. 

Figure 7-3 Schematic View of the Hydrocyclone and Elutriator Applied for Sludge Classification in Hamburg Harbour (Left). Hass Balance and Distribution of Heavy Metals (Right). After Hilligardt et al. (1986). TS = Dry Material.

Effect of calcium carbonate and cement/fly ash additives on chemical stabilization of fine-grained sediment from Hamburg harbour (Calmano et al., 1986)... 

Pore-water data from dredged material from Hamburg Harbour indicate typical differences in the kinetics of proton release from organic and sulphidic sources (Table 10.2). Recent deposits are characterized by low concentrations of nitrate, cadmium and zinc. When these low-buffered sediments are oxidized during a time period of a few months to years, the concentrations of ammonia and iron in the pore water typically decrease, whereas those of cadmium and zinc increase (with the result that these metals are easily transferred into agricultural crops ). 

At the Hamburg harbour site, separation of the fine fraction is performed by cyclonage and up-stream classification before disposal. The deposition is made in alternating layers of 1.5 m fine-grained material and 30 cm of sand, the latter to drain excess water from the deposits. The rest of the separated sand fraction is used for the supporting dam. As we will see later, the costs of the Hamburg procedure are much higher than at Rotterdam, because of the efforts to separate and dewater the material. Capacities of both structures will be exhausted in about 10 to 15 years. 

In principle, the chemical stability of harbour sludge deposits, such as at Rotterdam and Hamburg (Fig. 10.10), is based on the low solubility of metal sulphides as well. The major difference is less mechanical stability of these structures compared with the deep anoxic marine basins, such as the Black Sea (many fjords provide similar conditions). Compaction and erosion are the problems at the man-made disposal sites. 

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