Halo-alkanes

Displacement of halogen by hydroxyl is a widely distributed reaction in the degradation of halo-alkanes and haloalkanoates. Although an apparently simple pathway involving two displacement... 

Although the method operated well, a number of intriguing points remained (i) the bad fit of aliphatic hydrocarbon log P with 2/values, (ii) the irregular fit of log P for simple halo-alkanes with calculation data, and (iii) the correction factor of-0.46 for structures with electronegativity facing alkyl bulk and the impossibility of connecting this correction with CM. 

In contrast to the behavior of primary alcohols, which resist reduction by organosilicon hydrides even in the presence of very strong acids, primary halo alkanes, including methyl iodide and ethyl bromide,186 undergo reduction when treated with aluminum chloride and organosilicon hydrides.146,185,186 Slow addition of a catalytic amount of aluminum chloride to a nearly equimolar... 

Halo-alkenes are common pollutants. Therefore, there is an ongoing study on plausible approaches to the dehalogenation of halo-alkanes. One of these approaches involves their electrocatalytic reduction. NinL2 + (L = a tetraaza macrocyclic ligand) complexes were proposed as plausible electrocatalysts (150). A pulse radiolytic study on the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction ... 

Reaction type 3 in Table 5-25 is best represented by the SnI solvolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane cf. Eq. (5-13) in Section 5.3.1. Considering the heterolysis of the C—Cl bond, one would expect the activation volume to be positive because of the C—Cl stretching during the activation process. However, a negative activation volume of AF = —22.2 cm mol has been found for this solvolysis at 30 °C in ethanol/ water (80 20 cL/L), indicating a strong volume contraction due to solvation of the dipolar activated complex (electrostriction) [756]. Typical activation volumes for halo-alkane solvolyses in pro tic solvents are in the range of —15... —30 cm mol ... 

An alkyl halide is named as an alkane with a halogen substituent— that is, as a halo alkane. To name a halogen substituent, change the -ine ending of the name of the halogen to the suffix -o (chlorine chloro). 

Alkyl halides are named as halo alkanes, with the halogen as a substituent (7.2). 

Lithium alkynides in tetrahydrofuran or dioxane often give substitution products with secondary haloalkanes, while alkynide Grignard reagents do not usually react with haloalkanes except in the presence of other metals such as cobalt and copper. Substitution of iodine or bromine for chlorine in the halo-alkane often leads to an increased yield of the alkylation product and alkanesulfonates may give greater yields than haloalkanes. Scheme 1 illustrates examples of alkylation of haloalkanes and alkyl sulfates with alkynides of Group I metals. 

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