Hallucinations phencyclidine-induced

For decades researchers have looked at whether intoxication with certain drugs could mimic the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Amphetamines increase dopamine release and can induce some positive symptoms like paranoia. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affects 5-HT receptors but tends to induce visual perception changes and not frank hallucinations. Phencyclidine (PCP), however, induces a state in healthy controls that seems very similar to schizophrenia. This includes thought disorder and negative symptoms... 

Overdosing causes stupor and coma. Pulmonary edema occurs, and froth can be seen coming from the nose and mouth. An antidote for an opioid overdose is naloxone (Nar-can ), which can rapidly displace the opioid from the receptor. Overuse of dextromethorphan can induce euphoria, sedation, ataxia, increased awareness, sweating, elevated blood pressure, arrhythmia, hallucinations, and coma. Some of the dextromethorphan effects resemble those of phencyclidine. 

These molecules cause significant changes in the perceptual system, producing sensory illusions and inducing a distortion of reality, the sense of space and time, to the point of hallucination. Natural, synthetic or semisynthetic substances can cause hallucinogenic effects psilocin, psilocybin, mescaline, and LSD. Hallucinogenic effects are also created by phencyclidine and ketamine, but these molecules have a dissociative character. 

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