Hale, William

Hale, William J. "Report of the Chairman of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, December 4, 1925" Archives of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 

Williams RJP, Hale JD (1973) Professor Sir Ronald Nyholm. 15 1 and 2 Williams RJP, Hale JD (1966) The Classification of Acceptors and Donors in Inorganic Reactions. 1 249-281... 

Williams, R.J.P., Hale, J.D. The Classification of Acceptors and Donors in Inorganic Reactions. 

William Hale, Jaap Jansen and Netty Bouhuys... 

Cardias Williams and Hale (1999, 2003) studied the effect of the carbon chain length of the isocyanate upon decay resistance of the modified wood. Wood was reacted with butyl or hexyl isocyanate, or HDI in a pyridine/acetone solvent mix. Modified wood was... 

Cardias Williams, F. and Hale, M.D. (1999). The resistance of wood chemically modified with isocyanates. Part 1. Brown rot, white rot and acid chlorite delignification. Holzforschung, 53(3), 230-236. 

Forster, S.C., Hale, M.D. and Williams, G.R. (1997). Efficacy of anhydrides as wood protection chemicals. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. no. IRGAVP 97-30162. 

HUl, C.A.S., Forster, S., Farahani, M.R.M., Hale, M.D.C. and Williams, G. (2005). An investigation of cell wall micropore blocking as a possible mechanism for the decay resistance of anhydride modified wood. International Bio deterioration and Biodegradation, 55(1), 69-76. 

In their review of the classification of donors and acceptors in inorganic reactions, Williams and Hale (7) pointed out that for reactions in water, class (a) character was exhibited most strongly by lithium and least by caesium, which was indeterminate between classes (a) and (b). Here class (a) character means that the fluoride is more stable in water than the iodide. In general Group IA metals prefer hard ligands, F, O, N their interaction with sulphur and carbon is considered in para. IV. 

Williams and Hale (Structure and Bonding 1, 281 (1966)) wish to acknowledge that their reasonings have much in common" with early discussions by Fajans of donor/acceptor systems . Unfortunately no reference is given and I am not aware of ever having used the terms donor and acceptor in the manner widely applied in the literature and criticized" recently. 

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