Gyrocarpus

The family Hernandiaceae consists of four genera Hernandia, Illigera, Gyrocarpus, and Sparattanthelium, and about 60 species of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers widespread in tropical regions. An example of Hernandiaceae is Hernandia ovigera L., which is grown as a tropical street tree. Hernandiaceae are member of the order Laurales and are known to abound with aporphines and lignans. 

Fumaria capreolata (Papaveraceae) per 4,96 85 Glaucium oxylobum (Papaveraceae) enc 20,244 84 Gyrocarpus americanus (Hernandiaceae) jnp 49,101 86 Litsea acuminata (Lauraceae) cpj 46,299 94 Nectandra salidfolia (Lauraceae) jnp 59,576 96 Retanilla ephedra (Rhamnaceae) rlq 5,158 74 Stephania excentrica (Menispermaceae) zh 27,586 96 Thalidrum longistylum (Ranunculaceae) jnp 62,1410 99... 

One of the several alkaloids from Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (Hemandiaceae) is gyroamericine (479), C37H40N206, mp 210°C (MeOH), [a]D -238° (c 1, CHC13). Diazomethane methylation furnished (—)-phaeanthine (184), the principal alkaloid of G. americanus. Placement of the lone OH group was by NMR data (tabulated for this and related alkaloids) (558). 

Also from Gyrocarpus americanus, gyrocarpusine (481), C37H40N206, amorphous, has [a]D +66° (c 1, CHC13) and is isomeric in O-methylation pattern to the known alkaloid limacusine (105). O-Methylation of 481 with CH2N2 yielded (+)-0-meth-yllimacusine (482), also isolated from G. americanus. Placement of the hydroxy function was by NMR comparisons (558). 

Previously known as a derivative of limacusine (105), O-methyllimacusine (482), C38H42N206, was isolated from Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (Hemandiaceae). It was... 

Gyrocarpus americanus Grisabine, isotetrandrine, limacusine, phaeanthine 558... 

Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (Hemandiaceae)[also called Gyrocarpus Jacquini Roxb. (Hemaixiiaceae)] [45]... 

Cyclea burmanni (DC..) Miers ex. Hook. f. Thoms. (Menispermaceae) 164] Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (Hemandiaceae) also called Gyrocarpus jacquini Roxb. (Hemandiaceae)] 45,282,422]... 

Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (Hemandiaceae)[also called Gyrocarpus jacquini Roxb. 

There are three alkaloids in this group, two of which are the secobisbenzylisoquinolines auroramine (390) and maroumine (391). These two bases, that have only been found as metabolites of Gyrocarpus americanus (Hemandiaceae), differ only in the nature of their C(6 ) groups, with the former being a methoxy while the latter is a hydroxy. The remaining alkaloid is 1.2-dehydro-2-norlimacusine (291) from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). 

Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. Gyrocarpaceae Fij leaves epilepsy decoction 63... 

These stmctural types were isolated in the species that occur in Africa (types I, Ib, II, nid, Vni, and X), Asia (aU types, except VIII, X, and XVI), Europe, South America (types I and II), and Central America (types I, Ib, and n) In this family, the bisbenzyhsoquinohnes have the second most numerous (17 alkaloids), the subtypes Ilia, Hie, and Hid are restricted to the genus Gyrocarpus, while HI and Illb occur in Hemandia. In the genus Sparattanthelium only aporphines (I) and benzylisoquinohnes (II) are present, while in the genus Illigera four types were found (I, Ib, II and XVI) (Table I). 

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