Gymnadenia

Industrially from wood pulp lignin Dahlia (Asteraceae), Beta (Chenopodiaceae), Asparagus (asparagus) (Liliaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), Vanilla planifolia [vanilla pod], Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae), Spiraea (Rosaceae), Ruta (Rutaceae), Solanum (Solanaceae) spp. 

Verbascoside (= Acteoside (Liliaceae), Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae), Gymnadenia spp., Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae), Hordeum vulgare (Poaceae), Coffea spp. (Rubiaceae), Citrus paradisi, Ruta spp. (Rutaceae), Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae), Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (wine) Echinacea spp. (Asteraceae), Ballota AO/FRS - scavenges OH,... 

From the methanolic extracts of the tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea, the new bibenzyl gymconopin D (181) was isolated [105]. Two analogs of compound 181, isoarundinin I (182) and isoarundinin II (183), were isolated from the orchid Amndina bambusifolia [106]. 

Many 4-hydroxybenzyl substituted 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes have been isolated from Pleione bulbocodioides [109], Gymnadenia conopsea [105], Bletilla formosana [180] and Arundina graminifolia [181], respectively. Compound 408 from Bletilla formosana is tri-(4-hydroxy- benzyl)-substituted. Some of the sinensol series (409 16) also possess 4-hydroxybenzyl substituents, and others have been prenylated. Sinensol H (416) possesses an unusual phenyl substituent [182,183]. 

The bibenzyls from the tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea, including the structure gymconopin D (181), were found to inhibit the new antigen-induced degranulation by 65.5 to 99 99% at 100 / M in RBL-2H3 cells [105]. 

GUP 14] Gupta A.K., Schauvinhold L, Pichersky E. et al., Eugenol synthase genes in floral scent variation in Gymnadenia species , Functional Integrative Genomics, vol. 14, pp. 779-788,2014. 

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