Gutman Probe

Belkin S, Mehlhorn RJ, Hideg K, Hankovsky O, Packer L (1987) Reduction and destruction rates of nitroxide spin probes. Arch Biochem Biophys 256 232-243 Berdnikov VM, Bazhin NM, Fedorov VK, Polyakov OV (1972) Isomerization of the ethoxyl radical to thea-hydroxyethyl radical in aqueous solution. KinetCatal (English translation) 13 986-987 BerkowitzJ, Ellison GB, Gutman D (1994) Three methods to measure RH bond energies. J Phys Chem 98 2744-2765... 

Gutman, Menachem, The pH Jump Probing of Macromolecules and Solutions by a Laser-Induced, Ultrashort Proton Pulse—Theory and... 

Pulse, Probing of— Theory and Application in Biochemistry (Gutman). ... 

Gutman, M., The pH jump probing of macromolecules and solutions by a laser-induced, ultrashort proton pulse-theory and applications in biochemistry. Methods Biochem. Anal., 1984, 30, 1-103. 

Nachliel, E., Gutman, M., Probing the substrate binding domain of lactose permease by a proton pulse, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2001, 1514, 33-50. 

Due to the high number of tested probe molecule it was possible to apply both, the van Oss concept using monopolar probe molecules and the Gutman approach using bipolar probes, ys and ys numbers as well as Ka and Kb are summarised in Table 3 together with the dispersive surface energies. 

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