Guided motion

In the X- and y-directions (Figure 49.5b), an ion trajectory is more difficult to visualize. It is essentially the sum of two main effects one a simple oscillation caused by the rapid cyclic alternations of the RF field (Figure 49.5c), the other a more complicated drift or guided motion due to the inhomogeneity of the RF field within the space between all four rods. 

Therefore, in the RF mode, ions transmitted through the rod guide are subjected to (1) an oscillation in step with the variations of the RF field in the x,y-plane, (2) a drift or guided motion caused by the inhomogeneity of the RF field (x,y-plane), and (3) a forward motion (z-direction) due to any initial velocity of the ions on first entering the rod assembly. The separate motions... 

Ion tunnels are even more efficient in their guiding motion on ions than are the multipoles. 

Zwang(s)-iaufigkeit, /, guided motion, forced 2 r f on. Syndikat, n. compulsory syndicate. 

In a different strategy to achieve ultrasound-guided motion, Wang and coworkers prepared microbullets with an inner Au layer which permits conjugation to a monolayer of thiolated cysteamine. The entire functionalisation also enables electrostatic attachment to perfluorocarbon (PFC) (either perfluoropentane or perfluorohexane) droplets to be carried out. Under ultrasonic irradiation, the PFC droplets are vaporised, leading to the net motion of microbullets towards lamb kidney tissue. Propulsion can be modulated by adjusting external parameters such as acoustic pressure, pulse duration or surfactant concentration [131]. 

So far, the beam itself has been described in detail. Now, it will be considered as part of a rotating system. To herald the examination of inertia effects, it is necessary to link the above kinematic relations to the description of a guided motion. 

D Alembert s principle in the Lagrangian version has been obtained in Section 3.4.5 in terms of virtual displacements and actual accelerations. Since it needs to be accounted for a superimposed guided motion, the position p x,s,t) in the inertial frame of reference, as described by Eq. (7.65), has to be taken into consideration. With the density p s, n) in accordance with Remark 7.1, the virtual work of inertia forces originating from Eq. (3.59) then reads... 

Remark 8.1. The rotation around an axis of the inertial reference frame will be the only guided motion of the considered system. 

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