Growth solvent effect

Kitchens, C.L., McLeod, M.C. and Roberts, C.B. (2003) Solvent effects on the growth and steric stabilization of copper metallic nanoparticles in AOT reverse micelle systems. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107 (41), 11331-11338. 

As discussed in section 2.4.4 the coordinating ability of a solvent will often affect the rate of nucleation and crystal growth differently between two polymorphs. This can be used as an effective means of process control and information on solvent effects can often be obtained from polymorph screening experiments. There are no theoretical methods available at the present time which accurately predict the effect of solvents on nucleation rates in the industrial environment. 

Although the basic principle and procedure of diastereomeric resolution are not difficult to understand, the chiral discrimination mechanism involved in the selective crystallization of one diastereomer from the mixture is very complicated. The chiral discrimination mechanism for diastereomeric resolution changes in accord with the resolving system, since not only the properties of diastereomeric crystals but also the conditions for crystallization strongly influence the chiral discrimination mechanism. In particular, the polymorphism of crystal, the severe solvent effect on solubility, and the kinetic factor for crystal growth are still not perfectly understood regarding this chiral discrimination phenomenon. The study is therefore limited in its investigation of the chiral discrimination mechanism for the diastereomeric resolution, as the mechanism involves both the crystal and solution properties of diastereomers.7... 

Sato, H., Suzuki, K., Okada, M. and Garti, N. (1985). Solvent effects on kinetics of solution-mediated transition of stearic acid polymorphs. J. Cryst. Growth, 72, 699-704. [28]... 

Fransson J, Hallen D, and Florin-Robertsson E. Solvent Effects on the Solubility and Physical Stability of Human Insulin Like Growth Factor I. Pharm Res 1997] 14 606-612. 

Green, D. A., and P. Meenan. 1996. Acetaminophen crystal habit Solvent effects. In Crystal growth of organic materials, edited by A. S. Myerson, D. A. Green, and P. Meenan. ACS Conference Proceedings, pp. 78-84. 

Solvent Effects. Changes of solvent, as in the use of alcohols as anti-solvents for precipitation from aqueous solution, may also influence particle shape through altering growth kinetics on... 

Fransson J, Hallen D, Florin-Robertsson E (1997). Solvent effects on the solubility and physical stability of human insulin-like growth factor I. Pharm. Res. 14 606-612. 

Timisformation [ enomena (crystal film, single crystals) Solid-soUd transformations (spontaneous, slow, reversible, irreversible, nucleation and growth characteristics, solvent effects)... 

A detailed study on solvent effects relating to the growth of succinic acid crystals from water and isopropanol solutions was reported by Davey, Mullin and Whiting (1982). The faster growth of the (010) and (001) faces in water than in isopropanol resulted in a succinic acid habit modification from platelets to needles, as shown in Figure 6.36. Calculated a-factors for the two faces were found to be similar for both solvents, so the change of habit was considered to result from chemical interaction with the solvent. Succinic acid interacts, pre-... 

Kitamura, M., Furukawa, H. and Asaeda, M. (1994) Solvent effect of ethanol on crystallization and growth of L-histidine polymorphs. Journal of Crystal Growth, 141, 193-199. 

The initial attempts to account theoretically for solvent effects were made in the 1930s [1], but the suitability of these models for understanding chemical events in condensed phases was limited by their intrinsic simplicity. Thus, it was not until the 1970s, when continuum models were implemented within the quantum mechanical framework [2], that an accurate theoretical representation of solvent effects became possible. The last decade of this century has witnessed the spectacular growth of this new area of research [3]. It is expected that in the next century continuum methods will be the most used approach for the study of solvent effects in chemical systems. 

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