Group IVA species

Polyatomic species containing atoms from group IVA are produced by reducing the elements in liquid ammonia that contains some dissolved sodium. In accord with the hard-soft interaction principle (see Chapter 9), isolation of species containing large anions is best accomplished when a large cation of... 

Indeed, the majority of the higher-covalent silicon compounds studied which have an increased coordination number are formed by bi-, tri-, and tetradentate ligands similar effects are apparent with other Group IVA elements. It is likely that the structural factors are responsible for the existence of pentacoordinate pentavalence carbon species expanding the valence shell to 10 (Sect. 3.2). For the same reason that there are about twenty structures of the organotin complexes with seven- and eight-coordination... 

The chemistry of Group IVA (Group 14) organometalUc monomeric and polymeric species has been described in great detail. Reaction mechanisms for these elements have also been described. ... 

Balducci et al. [383-387] identified numerous gaseous ternary europium-containing high-temperature species of the systems Eu-X-O (cf Table 17). The thermochemical properties of these species and of further molecules of the composition EuXO (g) (n = 1 to 4 X = IVa, Va, Via, group metals) are summarized and discussed by Balducci et al. [385]. Some are given in Table 16. 

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