Groundwater thermal characteristics

Permeabilities in sedimentary basins are known to vary with the scale of observation (e.g. Bredehoeft et al., 1983,1992 Chapman et al, 1991 Neuzil, 1986). Different techniques are being developed to estimate reservoir- and basin-scale permeabilities, e.g. computer-aided techniques based on relations between characteristics of depositional systems and permeability distribution (Weber, 1982,1987 Stam, 1989 Stam et al., 1989 Mijnssen, 1991), and techniques based on numerical simulations of basin-scale groundwater flow in combination with known groundwater pressure distributions (e.g. Bredehoeft et al., 1983, 1992 Burrus et al., 1991), techniques that use numerical models of coupled groundwater flow/heat flow and known thermal characteristics to estimate basin-scale permeabilities (Chapman et al., 1991). 

Benzene may be analyzed by several tech-niqnes, which include GC, MS, IR spectroscopy, and hydrocarbon analyzer. Its analysis at the ppb level in wastewater, groundwater, and potable water may be performed by a GC equipped with a photoionization detector and using the purge and trap or thermal desorption techniques. GC-FID may be employed to analyze benzene at ppm range. GC/MS is an excellent confirmatory test. Benzene may be identified by its primary characteristic ion with an m/z ratio of... 

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