Groundwater- Lithosphere

Atmosphere — Groundwater - Lithosphere 4.1.2.1 Precipitation under the influence of soil C02... 

The course taken by any particular fossilization process is, therefore, determined by the physical and chemical factors prevalent in the environment of the dead remains. The physical factors include temperature, degree of aeration, and rate of flow of groundwater. The nature of minerals and rocks, and of the groundwater at the site of burial, are the most important chemical factors. Reconstructing and explaining the processes undergone by dead remains, from the time of death to when they are fully fossilized, is the concern of taphonomy, the study of the processes taking place when dead remains pass from the biosphere to the lithosphere (see Textbox 69). 

There are 5 major reservoirs in the Earth system atmosphere, biosphere (vegetation, animals), soils, hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater), and the lithosphere (Earth crust). Elemental cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements interact with the different reservoirs of the Earth system. The carbon cycle has important aspects in tropical forests due to the large amount of carbon stored in the tropical forests and the high rate of tropical deforestation 0acob 1999)-... 

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