Alkyl halides Grignard reagent from

Alkanes, RH (Sec. 7.7) (Sec. 10.7) (Sec. 10.8) (Sec. 19.9) from alkenes by catalytic hydrogenation from alkyl halides by protonolysis of Grignard reagents from alkyl halides by coupling with Gilman reagents from ketones and aldehydes by Wolff-Kishner reaction... 

The Wurt/ coupling side reaction, which generally accompanies the formation of Grignard reagent from alkyl halide and magnesium, gives products... 

As already mentioned, unsubstituted polythiophene is an insoluble and infusible material. Once the polymer is prepared, it is difficult (if not impossible) to process it further as a material for electronic applications. The solubility can be greatly enhanced by the introduction of side-chains at position 3 (or at both positions 3 and 4). The most widely studied side-chains are n-alkyl substituents that can be easily introduced into the thiophene core by reaction of 3-bromothiophene with alkyl-Grignard reagents from alkyl halides [21]. 

Grignard reagents are readily prepared from alkyl and aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides but are rarely synthesized from organofluorides. The ease of formation of Grignard reagents from alkyl halides follows the order R-I > R-Br > R-Cl. Aryl halides are less reactive than their alkyl counterparts and aryl bromides and chlorides are comparable in reactivity. 

Formation of Grignard reagents from alkyl halides (Section 12.4) Mg... 

Based on CIDNP evidence, it is considered that a radical pathway is probably dominant in the formation of Grignard reagents from alkyl halides and magnesium. Full descriptive details of a one-step alternative to the Grignard reaction have now been given. 

The perfluorohalogenomethylraercapto compound is formed in about 50% yield, the by-products being aryl halides from the Grignard reagent in 5-15% yield. It is assumed that the reaction follows an Sn2 mechanism with a cyclic intermediate state in analogy with the reaction of Grignard reagents with alkyl halides 98, 155), e.g.,... 

Mercury alkyls are readily obtained by the actions of Grignard reagents (magnesium alkyl halides) on mercury(II) chloride. Thus, mercury dimethyl is made from magnesium methyl chloride and mercury(II) chloride ... 

Disconnections of the C-C bond next to the hydroxyl group reveals that both these compounds can be made from acetone and a Grignard reagent. Both alkyl halides are commercially available so the syntheses are trivial. The full method, drawn out for TM(4), is usually summarised as drawn for TM(5). 

Anilides and a-Naphthalides. The Grignard reagents prepared from alkyl halides react with phenyl isocyanate (CgHjN=C=0) or with a-uaphthy l isocyanate (C,oH, N=C=0) to yield addition products that are converted by hydrolysis into anihdes and a-naphthalides respectively RX + Mg —> RMgX... 

Alkyl mercuric halides. Grignard reagents, prepared from alkyl halides, react with a mercuric halide that contains the same halogen as the reagent to form alkyl mercuric halides ... 

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