Green chemistry Nobel Prize

L-Dopa was produced industrially by Hoffrnann-LaRoche, using a modification of the Erlenmeyer synthesis for amino acids. In the 1960s, research at Monsanto focused on increasing the L-Dopa form rather than producing the racemic mixture. A team led by William S. Knowles (1917—) was successful in producing a rhodium-diphosphine catalyst called DiPamp that resulted in a 97.5% yield of L-Dopa when used in the Hoffrnann-LaRoche process. Knowles s work produced the first industrial asymmetric synthesis of a compound. Knowles was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work. Work in the last decade has led to green chemistry synthesis processes of L-Dopa using benzene and catechol. 

Another great modern theorist was Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) of Germany, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry. Ostwald developed the process for converting ammonia and oxygen to nitric acid. His color system, devised about 1915, had four primaries—red, yellow, sea-green, and blue—and four... 

Nobel prize, (the atom and the Nobel prize, (the atom and Green chemistry ... 

German chemist Richard Willstatter (1872-1942) was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his exhaustive experimentations on chlorophyll and photosynthesis. He showed that magnesium was crucial to the photosynthetic process and that, while composed of two slightly different molecules called chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, the substance is the same in all green plants. He also designed a method to produce chlorophyll in the laboratory in quantities sufficient for experimental research. 

Osamu Shimomura performs the research on the green fluorescent protein that leads to the Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Y. Tsien each receives 1/3 of the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein. 

Has a Nobel Prize ever been awarded for a discovery in the field of green chemistry ... 

Main pigments of phototrophic bacteria of the orders Chlorobinea (green bacteria) and Rhodospirillinea (purple bacteria). B. a and b have the actual bacte-riochlorin skeleton while B. c-ehave the chlorin skeleton on which the chlorophylls of higher plants and cyanobacteria are based they are also very similar to chlorophylls in other respects. Elucidation of the detailed spatial constmction of the crystallized bacterial photosynthesis system from membranes of Rhodo-pseudomonas viridis was realized in 1984 by Deisen-hofer, Huber, and Michel by X-ray structural analysis for which they received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988. ... 

Recently, Ryoji Noyori (2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and coworkers at Nagoya University in Japan developed a "green" route to adipic acid, one that involves the oxidation of cyclohexene by 30% hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by sodium tungstate, Na2W04 ... 

Purple sulfur-, purple iwn-sulfur- and green nonsulfur bacteria A breakthrough in our knowledge of reaction center structure came in the first half of the 1980 s when the reaction center of the purple non-sul-fur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis (now renamed Rhodobacter viridis) was crystallized [H. Michel J. Mol. Biol. 158 (1982) 567-572] and its structure then elucidated by X-ray crystallography [J.Deisenhofer et al. /. Mol. Biol. 180 (1984) 385-389 Nature 318 (1985) 618-624], work that was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize for chemistry. Since then the reaction centers of other purple bacteria have been shown to be almost identical to that of Rb. viridis, and that of PSII to be similar. 

Shortly after Pedersen s initial work, which led to a share of the 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, Greene reported a much improved synthesis of 18-crown-6 along with its higher homologs. The problem encountered by Pedersen was that while crowns containing aromatic groups could be formed in yields of 20-80%, simple crowns such as 18-crown-6 were only isolated in less than a 2% yield. He had already noted that the size of the metal cation appeared to influence the success of the reaction ... 

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