Great Lakes region of Africa

Africa is the continent that has moved from soft to hard law. In 2006, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region adopted the Great Lakes Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internal Displaced Persons. The Protocol obliges its presently 19 states parties to fully incorporate the Guiding Principles into their domestic legal order and thus provide them with the force of law. 

After briefly discussing the nexus between the violence that accompanied the twin processes of decolonization and state building, this chapter examines the causes and types of forced migration in the Great Lakes region (GLR) and the Horn of Africa (HoA), and presents evidence to show that the institution of asylum in the two regions is under pressure. 

Several other closed-basin regions are useful as examples of particular brine types. These include the Great Salt Lake (chloride), the lakes of East Africa (carbonate), the northern Great Plains of North America (sulfate), Death Valley (mixed), and the Australian outback (acid-chloride). Representative major ion compositions and SNORM model results for these examples are presented in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. 

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