Great Circle Distance

Finally, let Tj y) be the pole-to-pole distance on Planet Earth along a path with skewness y. As this path is a loxodrome, its distance measures Tj y) = Klsmy. Also, let AijcSi)- jt be the great circle distance between the poles. Then... 

The ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator recommends several measures. The first method is user input. Based on user input, the airline s booking system defines the itinerary and it specifies origin, destination and any stopover airports. This will normally include code share and other sectors paid for through that airline. The second is the calculation of the distance of the trip concerned. The Great Circle Distance (GCD) between two airports is calculated using longitude and latitude... 

Exercise 10.17 Suppose pr, p2 and pi are points on the unit sphere in that do not lie on one common great circle. (A great circle is the intersection of the unit sphere with a plane through the origin in ) Show that every point p on the sphere is uniquely defined by its distances from the three points pi, P2, p3. Interpret great circles in PCC ) physically i.e., give a definition in terms of experiments and probabilities. 

The orthodrome between points A and B on the surface of a geode or earth is the shortest distance between A and B on this surface the orthodrome is a segment of a great circle (e.g., a meridian) passing through both A and B. 

Fig. 7.1 Comparison between empirical evidence and theoretical models for the spread of agriculture in Europe [137]. The points are the data already analyzed in [13], distances being measured as great circle routes from Jericho (the presumed center of diffusion). Dates are conventiontil radiocarbon ages in years Before Present (B.P.). The full line is the regression by Ammerman tmd CavaUi-Sfotza (correlation coefficient 0.89) [13], The other three lines are least-square fits with slopes calculated from the classictil wave-of-advtmce model with D a /T dashed-dotted line), D dashed line) given by (7.5), and from the RT model with D as in (7.5) dotted line). Here T = 25 yr, r = 0.03 yr, and a /T = 1700 km /generation. Reprinted with permission from [137], Copyright 1999 by the American Physical Society...

Geodesic je-o- de-sik, - de-, -zik (1821) n. Pertaining to the shortest distance, lying on a surface, between two points on that surface, e.g., a straight line on a plane or great circle on a sphere. 

Therefore, as I have said, from Lisbon, whence we started, the distance from the equinoctial line is 39°, and we navigated beyond the equinoctial line to 50, which together make 90°, which is one quarter of a great circle, according to the true measurement handed down to us by the ancients, so that it is manifest that we must have navigated over a fourth part of the earth. By this reasoning, we who inhabit Lisbon, at a distance of 39 from the equinoctial line in north latitude, are to those who live under 50 beyond the... 

A standard Stop sign has 8 sides, each of which measures 10 inches in length. A special Yield sign built to be seen from a great distance is an equilateral triangle with sides of 26 inches each and three reflective circles attached to the front, each with a radius of 1.5 inches. 

Fig. 8. Top and side views of the HCT (honeycomb chained trimer) model for the Si(lll) 3x 3-Ag surface. Ag atoms (large black circles) with 1 ML coverage replace the top Si layer and form HCT with the interatomic distance of 3.43 0.01 A. The Si atoms with 1 ML coverage in the layer below are displaced by 0.8810.03 A to form trimers. The formation of the Si trimers satisfies two of the three dangling bonds while the remaining dangling bond is satisfied by bonding with an Ag atom. The Si trimer formation greatly distorts the substrate lattice and large relaxation down to the seventh atomic layer are present to relieve the strain. A vertical buckling of the third and fourth Si layers are 0.3510.05 and 0.2310.04 A, respectively. Detailed structural parameters of the HCT model are presented in Table 4. The third and forth Si layers are split into two planes, a and b, in normal direction [93T2].

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