Grasses fluoride

Wisconsin Johnson Matthey, Inc., Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, Massachusetts (6) chromium(III) chloride Blue Grass Chemical Specialties, LP, New Albany, Indiana, McGean-Rohco, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio (7) chromium diboride Johnson Matthey, Inc., Ward Hill, Massachusetts (8) chromium dioxide DuPont, DuPont Diversified Businesses, Newport, Delaware (9) chromium 2-ethylhexanoate OM Group, Inc., Franklin, Pennsylvania, The Shepherd Chemical Company, Cincinnati, Ohio (10) chromium fluoride Atotech... 

Pasture grasses and small grains are symptom-free even at leaf concentrations of several hundred parts per million of fluoride. Thus, the absence of injury symptoms on a plant does not necessarily mean that this plant has not been exposed to a pollutant in the environment in which it is growing, and such a symptomless plant may actually contain high concentrations of a pollutant like F. The accumulated fluoride is not evenly distributed, but tends to accumulate in the leaf tips and margins (18, 23, 24). Tips of oat leaves may contain 10-100 times as much F as the basal portion (15). 

MacLean et al. (12) found that a dissimilarity in the rate of F accumulation in timothy grass between continuous low and intermittent HF exposures was not reflected in fluoride-induced foliar markings at the end of the exposure period. They found no visible differences in the extent and severity of foliar symptoms. 

Araya O., Wittwer F., and Villa A. (1993) Evolution of fluoride concentrations in cattle and grass following a volcanic eruption. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 35, 437—440. 

Franzaring J, Klumpp A, Fangmeier A (2007) Active biomorritoring of airborne fluoride near an HF producing factory using standardised grass cultures. Atmos Environ 41 48284 840... 

Grass, R. N. Stark, W. J. Flame synthesis of calcium-, strontium-, barium fluoride nanoparticles and sodium chloride. Chemical Communications 2005, 41, 1767-1769. 

Most plant species appear to have a limited capacity to absorb fluorine, even from contaminated soils [237] and the fluorine content of uncontaminated plant material is normally low enough to make the development of fluorosis in livestock unlikely. A number of Australian grasses analysed by Harvey [238], some of which had been grown in areas irrigated by water substantially contaminated with fluoride, were found to contain fluorine levels restricted to the range 1 to... 

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