Graphite, intercalation compounds staging

Figure 8.16 Layer-plane sequence along the c-axis for graphite in various stage I -5 of alkali-metal graphite intercalation compounds. Comparison with Fig. 8.15 shows that the horizontal planes are being viewed diagonally across the figure. /,. is the interlayer repeat distance along the c-axis.

Billaud D., Henry F.X., Lelaurain M., and Willmann P. Revisited Structures of Dense and Dillute Stage II Lithium-Graphite intercalate Compounds. J. Phys. Chem Solids, 57, 775-781 (1996). 

Combined with appropriate amorphous carbon precursors graphite intercalation compounds could be used in one-stage process of production of carbon-carbon composites, which could possess attractive properties for such applications as supercapacitors elements, sorbents as well as catalyst supports and materials for energy- and gas-storage systems. 

Figure 8.5 Schematic representation of staging in graphite intercalation compounds (a) third stage (b) second stage and (c) first stage.

Fig. 16.4 Staging n graphite intercalation compounds, C j K Adchtkm of potassium proceeds through = 4.3. 2. to the h lrat in stage I Cij K - C K. From Whillingham, M. S. Dines, M. B. Surr. Prop. Chcm. 1980. 9, 55. Reproduced with permission. ...

Ohno, T. and H. Kamimura. 1983. Band structures and charge distributions along the c-axis of higher stage graphite intercalation compounds. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52 223-232. 

Yang, M. H. and P. C. Eklund. 1988. Optical dielectric function of high-stage potassium graphite intercalation compounds Experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. B 38 3505-3516. 

Alstrom, P. 1986. Electronic properties of first-stage heavy alkali metal graphite intercalation compounds. Synth. Metals 15 311-322. 

Gunasekara, N., T. Takahashi, F. Maeda, T. Sagawa, and H. Suematsu. 1988. Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission study of first stage alkali-metal graphite intercalation compounds. Z. Phys. B 70 349-355. 

Delhaes P, Manceau KP, Guerard D. Physical properties of first and second stage lithium graphite intercalation compounds. Synth Met 1980 2 277-284. 

Figure 7-7 The various stages of graphite intercalation compounds. The letters A and B refer to the stacking pattern of carbon layers, and the two carbon layers flanking a guest layer are always equivalent, that is, have their carbon atoms superposed.

Fig. 14. Structural details for the distribution of charges , and solvate acid molecules O in a graphite intercalation compound, first stage.

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