Grain boundary character distribution

H. Li, F. Czerwinski, J.A. Szpunar. The role of oxide grain boundary character distribution in nickel oxidation kinetics // Defect Diffusion Forum.- 2001.- V. 194-199.-P.1683-1688. 

R. Ishibashi, T. Horiuchi, J. Kuniya, M. Yamamoto, S. Tsurekawa, H. Kokawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, Effect of grain boundary character distribution on stress corrosion cracking behavior in austenitic stairUess steels. Mater. Sci. Forum 475-479 (2005) 3863—3866. 

M. Shimada, H. Kokawa, ZJ. Wang, Y.S. Sato, I. Karibe, Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering, Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 2331—2341. 

T. Watanabe, Y. Suzuki, S. Tanii and H. Oikawa, The Effect of Magnetic Annealing on Recrystallization and Grain Boundary Character Distribution (GBCD) in Iron-Cobalt Alloy Polyciystals, Phil. Mag. Letters, 62,9-17 (1990). 

The nature of the bonding between Si and W has been studied by Azizan et al.216. They found that the Si atoms had a charge loss of about 0.1-0.2 electron. This indicates that the bonding between Si and W has a strong covalent character. No indication can be found in the literature about the state of the excess Si in the as-deposited films. The question of whether it has a uniform bulk distribution or exists as a precipitate at the grain boundaries remains unanswered. 

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