Gradient mismatch

Interestingly, the contributions from the gradient of the electromagnetic field across the interface, Tfg xx and Tfg zzz, which scale with the mismatch in the optical dielectric constants of the media forming the interface [37], only appear in the susceptibility tensor components nd xl zzz- Therefore, these contributions may be rejected with a... 

The membrane layout should be as symmetric as possible to achieve good temperature homogeneity over the membrane area and, as a consequence, low stress gradients. This includes also thermal stress owing to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the layer materials. 

These results verified that heat transfer in the melt was conduction dominated, except at intense convection levels because of the low-Prandtl-number characteristic of semiconductor melts. The shape of the melt-crystal interface changes with convection only at these higher convection levels. The flows are cellular, with the direction and magnitude of each cell determined by the radial temperature gradients induced by the thermal boundary conditions. In the idealized system studied, the mismatch in boundary conditions at the junction of the hot zone and the adiabatic region (Figure 16) causes the temperature to increase radially and drive a flow up along the... 

Likewise, a thin nanoporous alumina membrane deposited onto a porous stainless steel support will likely fail unless efforts are taken to match the CTE of these diverse layers. This may be done by building up layers on the support such that a gradient in CTE is achieved. Also, thin metal membranes deposited on porous ceramic membranes have historically exhibited poor durability with respect to cracking and general membrane failure due, at least in part, to mismatched CTE. 

RTO Fault Detection and Diagnosis. Halim proposed a method that uses gradient information from the plant, which is obtained via plant experiments, and the model to both quantify plant-model mismatch and monitor RTO system performance. In this work, the angle between the two profit gradients of the model-based RTO system and that obtained via plant experiments is used as an indicator of RTO... 

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