Glycerol Inorganic acid esters

Nitroglycerine, a powerful explosive, is an ester of the inorganic acid HNO, and glycerol (glycerine). 

The tri-chlor hydrine is plainly tri-chlor propane, a simple tri-halogen substitution product of propane. It has already been mentioned in connection with the synthesis of glycerol from propane. Of the esters which glycerol yields with the inorganic acids those formed with nitric acid are the most important. 

Among the commercially important esters of inorganic acids are those of nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, and silicic acids. The nitrates of glycerol and cellulose are among the oldest of synthetic chemical products. They are prepared by the direct esterification of the alcohol by nitric acW. 

Clays in general are complex inorganic silicates with color derived from the structure of the silicate. Oil-borne soils are organic hydrocarbons or related derivatives which are soluble in oils. The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid esters of glycerol are the most predominant oil-borne soils. Less polar hydrocarbons such as mineral oil are more easily removed from textile substrates than are the more polar glycerol esters of fatty acids. Carbon-based matter such as soot is not... 

Dining maintenance work on casings of fans used to extract perchloric acid fumes, seven violent explosions occurred when flanges sealed with lead oxide-glycerol cement were disturbed. The explosions, attributed to formation of explosive compounds by interaction of the cement with perchloric acid, may have involved perchlorate esters and/or lead salts. Use of an alternative inorganic silicate-hexafluorosilicate cement is recommended. 

Other additives that can be included in the pol5nneric material include dyes, inks, antioxidant. An antistatic characteristics is also be important for some applications. Many antistatic additives are compoimds with hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections. A common material of this type is a mono ester of a polyol, such as glycerol, with a long-chain fatty acid, such as stearic acid. In Table 10.1 some common inorganic fillers are listed. 

Esters, mono-, di- and triesters of inorganic and organic acids. Acetins are the most important esters of glycerol from short-chain carboxylic acids. The most widely used type of acetin is triacetin. 

---