Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase tissues

Fig. 9.7. Effect of dietary CLA isomers on mRNA expressions of adipoqrtokines in perirenal white adipose tissue. Rats were fed the control diet (5% corn oil + 0.5% safflower oil), the 9c,11 t-CLA diet (5% corn oil + 0.5% 9c,1 If-CLA), or the 10f,12c-CLAdiet (5% corn oil + 0.5% 10f,12c-CLA)for 3 weeks. mRNA expressions of ACT, leptin, and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Relative values to GAPDH expression are expressed as mean standard error for 6 rats. Different letters show significant difference at P < 0.05.

Among the specific enzymes whose activity has been reported to be decreased after in vitro ozone exposure are papain, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lysozyme, ribonuclease, and acetylcholinesterase. The latter enzyme appears to be particulady susceptible to free-radical and oxidative states. A loss in acetylcholinesterase activity has been reported in the red cells of humans and mice that inhaled ozone. However, there are only minimal amounts of this enzyme in lupg tissue, and, although it has been suggested that acetylcholinesterase is important in bronchial tract ciliary activity, there is no direct evidence to support this conjecture. 

The differential expression of paired cancerous and non-cancerous tissues was visually compared, and 11 spots were up-regulated in cancerous tissues alpha-enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 2 (spots), triosephosphate isomerase, transgelin, calmodulin, MnSOD, PDI A3, cyclophilinA, GST-P, and apolipoprotein A-I precursor (23). 

Fig. 3. Kidney tissue cytokine gene expression in mice fed diets containing 5% corn oil (CO) or 5% fish oil either ad libitum (AL) or 40% calorie restricted (CR) from 4 wk of age. IFN-Y, interferon-y IL, interleukin TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (Reproduced from Ref. 153 with the kind permission of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences.)...

Plants follow the Meyerhof pattern, but no less than three different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases exist one reacts with NAD, two with NADP, processes linked to photosynthesis. In older plant tissues, the pentose phosphate pathway is also utilized and up to 50 per cent of all carbohydrate may be metabolized by this route. 

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