Glycans derivatization, label

The general form for oligosaccharide profiling is release of the glycans, derivatization (e. g. fluorescent labeling), then analysis by HPLC, CE, or MS. 

Add to the glycan solution the molecule to be labeled containing an available amine, hydrazine, or hydrazide group. For small molecule derivatization, the final concentration of the nucleophile in the glycan solution should be about 0.3 M to result in maximal efficiency of labeling. For protein modification, an aqueous reaction buffer should be used, and the protein should be as concentrated as possible. 

Zhuang et al. [152] derivatized glycan samples with 8-aminopyrene-l,3,6-trisulfonic acid to get a charge for electrophoresis and a fluorescent label for detection. They analyzed glycan derivatives in the blood of cancer patients... 

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