Glutamine glutamate precursor

Hamberger AC, Chiang GH, Nylen ES, Scheff SW, Cotman CW (1979) Glutamate as a CNS transmitter, 1. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of the preferentially released glutamate. Brain Res 768 513-530. 

Bradford HF, Ward HK, Thanki CM (1983) Glutamine as a neurotransmitter precursor complementary studies in vivo and in vitro on the synthesis and release of transmitter glutamate and GABA. In Hertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer EG, Schousboe A (Eds), Glutamine, Glutamate, and GABA in the Central Nervous System. New York Alan R. Liss, pp 249-260. 

Since glutamine, glutamic acid, 5-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, proline, hydroxyproline, and V-acetyl-n-glucosamine all failed to form 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid under these conditions of alkaline degradation, it was concluded that the labile 4-hydroxypyrroline (I, II) is the actual precursor. 

See also Table 5.1, Amino Acids, Genetic Code, Y-Carboxyglutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glutamate as a Precursor of Other Amino Acids (from Chapter 21), Transamination in Amino Acid Metabolism (from Chapter 20), Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates in Amino Acid Metabolism (from Chapter 21), Essential Amino Acids... 

Morjaria B and Voaden J M (1979) The formation of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA m the rat retina, glucose and glutamine as precursors / Newochem 33, 541-551... 

GLUTAMINE IS AN IMPORTANT IMMEDIATE PRECURSOR FOR GLUTAMATE THE GLUTAMINE CYCLE 269... 

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