Glutamate chemical structure

Fig. 12 (a) Chemical structure of poly(sarcosine)-b-poly(y-methyl L-glutamate) copolymer. 

Figure 14.2 Chemical structure of folates. Folate molecules consist of pteridine, para-aminobenzoate (pABA), and glutamate moieties. Plants usually contain polyglutamylated forms of folates that are made by the addition of up to about six glutamate residues (which form the y-glutamate tail) attached to the first glutamate, each linked by amide bonds to the preceding molecule of glutamate through the y-carboxyl of the latter. Cl units at various levels of oxidation can be attached to NS and/or N1 0, as indicated by Ri and R2.

Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurine) has a chemical structure similar to homotaurine and GABA and appears to normalize N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor tone in the glutamate system. 

Figure 30-24 Chemical structures of some agonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR).

Fig. 1.1 Chemical structures of glutamate and aspartate and corresponding amines. Glutamine (a) glutamate (b) asparagine (c) aspartate (d) N-acetylaspartate (e) and N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate (f)...

Scheme 2 Chemical structure of polypeptides containing p-phenylazo-L-phenylalanine and y-benzyl-L-glutamate residues (II).

Scheme 3 Chemical structure of poly(L-glutamic acid) modified with 4-amino-azobenzene (III), and 4-amino-azobenzene-4 -sul-fonic acid sodium salt (IV).

Scheme 11 Chemical structure of hairy rod" poly(L-glutamate)s used to obtain photochromic monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films. 81,85-91 ...

Scheme 12 Chemical structure of the polypeptide XXI, consisting of two a-helical chains of poly(y-methyl-L-glutamate)...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. The flavor-enhancing property is not limited to MSG. Similar taste properties are found in the L-forms of q-amino dicarboxylates with four to seven carbon atoms. The intensity of flavor is related to the chemical structure of these compounds. Other amino acids that have similar taste properties are the salts of ibotenic acid, tricholomic acid, and L-thean-ine. 

FIG. 4.6 Chemical structures of poly-(5-(2-(4-(4-((decyloxy)phenyl)azo)phenoxy)ethyl)-L-glutamate), denoted by P2.10, and poly-(5-(2-(4-(4-((hexylphenylazo)phenoxy)ethyl)-L-glutamate) and poly-(5-(6-(4-(4-((hexylphenylazo)phenoxy)ethyl)-L-glutamate), denoted by and P4 4, respectively. 

Glutamic acid, 19 catabolism, 428 chemical structure, 20 plasma conocntraticin, 465 solubility, 2)6 Glutaminase, 441, 443 Glutamine, 19... 

Fig, 3,53 Chemical structures of glutamic acid, MSG, and selected related substances... 

Substances related to MSG and purine 5 -ribonucleotides include peptides, amino acids (e.g. cysteine, homocysteine, cysteine S-sulfonic acid, aspartic acid, a-amino adipic acid, a-methyl glutamic acid, tricholomic acid, ibotenic acid), pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, 3-methyl thiopropyl amine, and others [2, 10], They are of less commercial interest than MSG, IMP, and GMP. Chemical structures of some of these substances are depicted in Fig. 3.53. Relative umami effects of some are shown in Tab. 3.49. Tricholomic acid and ibotenic acid have been found in the mushrooms Tricholoma muscarium and Amanita stroboliformis, respectively. 

Fig. 6 Chemical structures of branched copolymers (x and y denote number averages of repeating units) a polyallylamine-gra/t-poly( /-methyl L-glutamate) (PAAx-g-PMLGluy, X = 175, y = 14), b poly(ethylene oxide)- Zoc/c-(branched-poly(ethylene imine)-gra/t-poly(y-benzyl L-glutamate)) (PEOx- -PEIy-g-PBLGlu2(o.4j+i) x = 113, y = 233, z = 0.2-2.9), and c poly(ethylene oxide)-MocA -([G-3]-dendritic poly(L-lysine)-acetal) (PEOx- -[G-3]-PALLys, x = 113, 227)...

Schemes Chemical structures of polystyrene-b-poly(e-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine) (PS-PZLL) and polystyrene-b-poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PS-PBLG)...

Scheme 4 Chemical structures of poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG-PEG-PBLG), poly(y-benzyl-L-asparate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(y-benzyl-L-asparate) (PBLA-PEG-PBLA), poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-alanine) (PEG-PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-valine-co-DL-leucine) (PEG-poly( valine-co-leucine))...

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