Glow-discharge sources geometry and improvements

The first concern in designing a source with an optimal power is to ensure the maximum possible atomization-excitation-ionization capabilities for the applications at hand. 

Devices for Irealment prior to introduction into atomic spectrometers 

The hollow-cathode plume (HCP) [137] makes rather different use of the hollow-cathode effect. The hollow-cathode base is a sample disc with a 1-2 mm orifice. By choosing appropriate gas pressures and discharge currents, the energetic plume is ejected through the orifice. A constricted hollow-cathode discharge localized in the narrow orifice creates intense sputter action on the surface of the disc and causes direct transport of the atoms into the plume for excitation — and ionization, if required. 

Boosted sources Discharge sources can be supplemented using various approaches that have been reviewed by Leis and Steers [143]. 

GENERAL EFFECTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY MICROWAVE DISCHARGE ON VARIOUS GROUPS OF LINES 

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