Globular theory

Whereas the surface area of a crystalline silica is in fact the external surface area, the surface area and the pore size distribution of an amorphous silica are actually determined by the dimensions of the silica spheres (primary particles) that build up the network. For non-aggregated spherical particles, this relationship is very straightforward. In this silica type, the primary particles are not clustered and Sheinfain s3 globular theory can be applied. The globular theory predicts an inverse relationship between surface area and the primary particle size by the following equation ... 

S. A. Safran, Theory of Structure and Phase Transitions in Globular Microemulsions, in Micellar Solutions and Microemulsions, S. H. Chen and R. Rajagopalan, eds.. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990, Chapter 9. 

Dill, KA. Theory for the folding and stability of globular proteins. Biochemistry 24 1501-1509, 1985. 

The Stokes-Einstein equation has already been presented. It was noted that its vahdity was restricted to large solutes, such as spherical macromolecules and particles in a continuum solvent. The equation has also been found to predict accurately the diffusion coefficient of spherical latex particles and globular proteins. Corrections to Stokes-Einstein for molecules approximating spheroids is given by Tanford. Since solute-solute interactions are ignored in this theory, it applies in the dilute range only. 

While this theory has been shown to be very successful in the case of massive stars (Maeder and Meynet, this volume) and Population 1 low-mass stars (Charbonnel, this volume), full and self-consistent application in the case of globular... 

Abundance anomalies displayed by red giants in globular clusters, and the difficulties that they raise for canonical stellar evolution theory, are discussed, e.g., by Kraft (1994). 

M. Schwarzschild, A. Sandage and others pioneer theory of stellar evolution without extensive mixing and apply it to HR diagrams of globular clusters getting ages of several Gyr, comparable to the new inverse Hubble constant. 

Ptitsyn, O. B., A. K. Kron, and Yu. E. Eizner The models of the denatura-tion of globular proteins. I. Theory of globule-coil transitions in macromolecules. IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague 1965, Preprint 474. 

As little as 1 % fat in the mix has a very strong effect on the stability of the final ice cream (mentioned later under Descriptive Tests). Due to this strong effect the fat phase is believed not to be in a globular but in a more expanded crystalline state in such systems. This would give better possibilities for covering the air bubbles in the foam. This theory is highly speculative, and requires further studies for clarification. 

The protein folding, notorious for an astronomic number of possible conformations, is only an example of the multiple minima problem, inherently connected to all applications of theory to structural chemistry (isomers, supramolecular structures etc.). The multiple minima problem is also virtually ubiquitous in other sciences, and whenever a mathematical description is used, the situation is encountered more and more often. Despite the complexity of the protein folding, remarkable achievements in the prediction of the 3D structure of globular proteins are possible nowadays. 

V. 1. Lim. Structural principles of die globular organisation of proton chains. A stereochemical theory rf globular protein secondary structure. J. MoL BioL 88 857-872(1974). 

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