Glial scars

Fawcett, J.W., Asher, R.A. (1999) The glial scar and central nervous system repair. Brain Res Bull 49, 377-91. 

Fitch M. T., Doller C., Combs C. K., Landreth G. E., and Silver J. (1999). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation in vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammation-induced secondary injury after CNS trauma. J. Neurosci. 19 8182-8198. 

Silver J and Miller JH (2004) Regeneradorr beyorrd dre glial scar. Nat Neurosci 5 146—156. 

Logan A, Green J, Hunter A, Jackson R, Berry M (1999) Inhibition of glial scarring in the injured rat brain by a recombinant human monoclonal antibody to transforming growth factor-beta2. Eur J Neurosci 11 2367-2374. 

It is not the lack of neurotrophins, rather the presence of regeneration inhibitors in myelin and glial scars that effectively negate axonal regrowth (McGee and Strittmatter, 2003). Several myelin-derived proteins have been identified as components of CNS myelin, which prevents axonal regeneration... 

In addition to myelin, inhibitory signals also arise from glial scars. Proteoglycans are the main culprit in this regard. Additionally, certain proteins present in the scar, like ephrin-B2 and Sema3, also repel the growth cone (Silver and Miller, 2004). 

Silver J, Miller JH (2004) Regeneration beyond the glial scar. Nat Rev Neurosci 5 146-156. 

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