Subject glasses

The problem of nucleation (birth of an interface capable of growth) followed by growth is a very common one in chemical engineering. Not only does it arise for nucleate boiling, but also for condensation, crystallization from solutions, and freezing. The rupture of glass subjected to hydrostatic tension is treated as nucleation (formation of first tiny... 

The corrected Raman spectra of glasses subject to shock are shown in Fig. 3.15a. The assignments of Raman bands were mentioned in tlie former section. With increasing shock pressure, tlie variation in relative intensity of the band near 580 cm i is significant. Tliis variation is similar to tliat of density. 

In addition to the geometric factors (shape and wall thickness), the material properties a, E, andju. decisively influence the thermal strength of glasses subjected to temperature variations and/or thermal shock. Thermal loads in similar articles made from different glasses are easily compared by means of the characteristic material value... 

Golovchak R., Jain H., Shpotyuk 0., Kozdras A., Saiter A., and Saiter J. M., Experimental verification of the reversibility window concept in binary As-Se glasses subjected to a long-term ph5rsical aging. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 78, 014202/1-014202/6 (2008). 

Mustarelli P, Quartarone E, Benevelli F (1997) A B and i MAS-NMR study of sol-gel lithium Mborate glass subjected to thermal densification. Mat Res Bull 32 679-687... 

Figure 33 DSC curves calculated using a Narayanaswamy -Moynihan -type phenomenological model for glasses subjected to different annealing times te- (0,1 h , 1 day A, 1 week A, 1 month , 1 year) after quenching to different temperatures (a) T = 40 C (b) = 60 °C. This demonstrates how complex features in DSC curves can be reproduced by...

It is hoped that the account of the interchangeable ground glass joint apparatus already given will serve as an introduction to the subject. For the numerous apphcations of such apparatus, the reader is referred... 

Unlike ion-selective electrodes using glass membranes, crystalline solid-state ion-selective electrodes do not need to be conditioned before use and may be stored dry. The surface of the electrode is subject to poisoning, as described earlier for a Ck ISE in contact with an excessive concentration of Br. When this happens, the electrode can be returned to its original condition by sanding and polishing the crystalline membrane. 

These borosilicate glasses may rate differently if subjected to excessive heat treatment. 

The upper use temperature for annealed ware is below the temperature at which the glass begins to soften and flow (about Pa-s or 10 P). The maximum use temperature of tempered ware is even lower, because of the phenomenon of stress release through viscous flow. Glass used to its extreme limit is vulnerable to thermal shock, and tests should be made before adapting final designs to any use. Table 4 Hsts the normal and extreme temperature limits for annealed and tempered glass. These data ate approximate and assume that the product is not subject to stresses from thermal shock. 

---