Glass-melting tank

Wang, J. "Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model of Thermal Phenomena Occurring in Industrial Glass Melting Tanks." PhD thesis, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998. 

Vertical mounting of a probe in the flue gas channel of a glass melting tank with temperatures >1200 C [50]. 

FIGURE 26.2 Inside a typical glass melting tank. 

FIGURE 26.3 Schematics of a glass melting tank tor producing containers. 

Most aluminum metiers and molten aluminum holding (alloying) furnaces, as well as glass melting tanks and frit smelters are refractory-lined reverberatory furnaces. Heat is transferred to the bath from above by radiation and convection. The bath surface must have enough surface area to accept the needed heat transfer rate, right side of equations 3.8 and 3.9, and to avoid harm to the bath/load or refractories above the combustion space. 

Fig. 4. 23. Longitudinal section, end-fired glass melting tank. Far-side checkers feed preheated air to far firing ports (burners). Flames and poc take a U-path over raw batch and molten glass, returning to exit through near-side end ports (flues) to near-side checkers. After a designated number of minutes, or in response to automatic hot air temperature controls, flows reverse so that near-side ports act as burners and far-side ports act as flues.

Guenther, Rudolph Glass Melting Tank Furnaces, Society of Glass Technology, Sheffield, England, 1958. 

Schill, P., Chmelar, J. Bubbles b aviour in the glass melting tank. In 2" International Conference Advances in the Fusion and Processing of Glass , Duesseldorf, 1990. 

Chmelar, J., Schill, P. Verification of 3D mathematical simulation of glass melting tank. International congres on glass, Madrid,... 

Each of these stages is perfonned more or less in sequence, either at one location, as in a crucible, or at a progression of locations, as in a continuous glass melting tank consisting of several, or many, zones. The various types of melters will be described in Sec. 6.3.3. Here we will describe glass-melting steps in more detail. 

One of the disadvantages of more or less all zirconia electrodes is the rather strong corrosion (or solubility ) of the zirconia ceramics in oxidic melts. This fact prompted us to construct electrode units especially for application in industrial glass melting tanks, which are distinguished by rather long lifetimes despite the relatively high corrosion of the zirconia. 

Various designs of a hook-shaped zirconia electrode with horizontal electrode shaft and perpendicular zirconia electrolyte bridge allow the sensors to be applied through windows in the side walls of glass melting tanks. Top application through the melt surface is thus unnecessary by these considerably more practicable constructions [16]. 

Where the material is to be selected for high temperatures to sustain a load, its creep strength has to be determined—such as for a glass-melting tank crown. To conduct the creep test separately, the same setup was used... 

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