Glass cerium-stabilized

The radiation shielding windows are made from high density lead glasses. They are used as viewing windows placed in thick lead and concrete walls for nuclear and radiochemical laboratories. In addition, cerium stabilized borosilicate cover plates are used on the hot side. 

Another growth area is the glass container industry. Cerium is used here to decolorize glass and to stabilize against solar-ization caused by U. V. rays. 

Janimak, J. J., and Marteleur, M. (2004), On the stability of cerium oxide glass for terminal radiation sterilization, Rad. Phys. Chem. 71,195-198. 

With the conductivity of an aqueous electrolyte (e.g., IN KCl) serving as a reference, comparable conductivities can be achieved in solid electrolytes under certain conditions. Some of the best solid ionic conductors, commonly referred to as superionic conductors , have resistivities comparable to those of aqueous electrolytes at room temperature (e.g., RbAg4l5 and single crystal MgO-stabilized 6"-alumina). However, they are either in the form of single crystals, which is impractical for most applications, or composed of very expensive and relatively unstable materials. Resistivities comparable to those of aqueous electrolytes can be achieved in solid electrolytes at higher temperatures in both superionic conductors like 6"-alumina (i.e., 300°C) and normal ionic conductors such as stabilized zirconia (800-1000°C), stabilized cerium oxide (>800 C), and stabilized bismuth oxide (>600°C). Sodium ion conducting glasses are much less conductive than polycrystalline 8 -alumina. 

Cerium dioxide is also used to opacify enamels (Yuriditsky 2003), for pho-tochromic glasses (e.g. Smith 1967), for ceramic coatings (e.g. Nazeri et al. 1997), in refractory oxides (ceria stabilized zirconia, e.g. Jones 1997), cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (Kharton et al. 2001), capacitors (Cheng et al. 2010) and semiconductors (e.g. Preisler 2003). 

---