GILLILAND

J. E. Gilliland, M.S. tEesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 1960. 

Gas Diffusivity For prediction of the gas diffusivity of binary hydrocarbon-hyarocarbon gas systems at low pressures (below about 500 psia [3.5 MPa]) the method of Gilliland given by Eq. (2-150) is recommended. 

FIG. 13-41 Comparison of rigorous calcnlations with Gilliland correlation. [Henley and Seader, Eqnilihrinm-Stage Separation Operations in Chemical Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1981 data of Van Winkle and Todd, Chem. Eng., 78(21), 136 (Sept. 20, 1971) data of Gilliland, Elements of Fractional Distillation, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950 data of Brown and Maiiin, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 35, 679 (1.93.9) ]... 

Gilliland and Sherwood [Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 516 (1934)] found that, for vaporization of pure hqiiids in air streams for streamline flow. 

In work with the hydrogen chloride-air-water system, Dobratz, Moore, Barnard, and Mever [Chem. Eng. Prog., 49, 611 (1953)] using a cociirrent-flowsystem found that /cg (Eig. 14-77) instead of the 0.8 power as indicated by the Gilliland equation. Heat-transfer coefficients were also determined in this study. The radical increase in heat-transfer rate in the range of G = 30 kg/(s m ) [20,000 lb/(h fH)] was similar to that obsei ved by Tepe and Mueller [Chem. Eng. Prog., 43, 267 (1947)] in condensation inside tubes. 

The effect of chemical reaction in reducing the effect of variation of the liquid rate on the rate of absorption in the laminar-flow regime was illustrated by the evaluation of the rate of absorption of chlorine in ferrous chloride solutions in a wetted-waU column by Gilliland, Baddoiir, and White [Am. In.st. Chem. Eng. J., 4, 323 (1958)]. 

Colburn relationship found that the optimum number of trays varies from 2 to 3 times the number at total reflux. Gilliland [Ind. Eng. Chem, . 32, 1220 (1940)] from the establishment of an empirical relationship between reflux ratio and theoretical trays based on a study of existing columns indicated that... 

In general, fiiU time-dependent analytical solutions to differential equation-based models of the above mechanisms have not been found for nonhnear isotherms. Only for reaction kinetics with the constant separation faclor isotherm has a full solution been found [Thomas, y. Amei Chem. Soc., 66, 1664 (1944)]. Referred to as the Thomas solution, it has been extensively studied [Amundson, J. Phy.s. Colloid Chem., 54, 812 (1950) Hiester and Vermeiilen, Chem. Eng. Progre.s.s, 48, 505 (1952) Gilliland and Baddonr, Jnd. Eng. Chem., 45, 330 (1953) Vermenlen, Adv. in Chem. Eng., 2, 147 (1958)]. The solution to Eqs. (16-130) and (16-130) for the same boimdaiy condifions as Eq. (16-146) is... 

Energy Laws Several laws have been proposed to relate size reduction to a single variable, the energy input to the mill. These laws are encompassed in a general differential equation (Walker, Lewis, McAdams, and Gilliland, Principles of Chemical Engineering, 3d ed., McGraw-HiU, New York, 1937) ... 

DIffusIvltles. The simplest gas diffusivity relationship is the Gilliland relationship. 

Gilliland" tells how his famous correlation was developed for relating actual and minimum reflux to actual and minimum theoretical stages for a fractionating column. Numerous plate-to-plate calculations were made and the results plotted using his well-known correlating parameters. The best curve was then drawn through points. 

Gilliland s work should be an encouragement to us all in developing shortcut methods from rigorous results. The proliferation of computers makes our job relatively easy. 1 feel that when correlations of this type are developed, one shouldn t stop w ith the graph but continue until an equation is fitted to the data. Computers need equations. 

Robinson, C. S., and Gilliland, E. R., Elements of Fractional Distillation, McGraw-Hill, 1950, p. 348. Rice, V. L., Way to Predict Tray Temperatures, Hydr. Proc., August 1984, p. 83. 

Gilliland, G.L., Quiocho, EA. Structure of the L-arabi-nose-binding protein from Escherichia coli at 2.4 A resolution. /. Mol. Biol. 146 341-362, 1981. 

Gilliland, M. W. (1975). Energy Analysis and Public Policy. Science 189 1051-105ri. 

Figure 8-18. Boiling point diagram for Example 8-5. Benzene-toluene, total pressure = 760 mm Hg. Used by permission of Robinson Gilliland.

Eduljee [84] suggests an equation to replace the Gilliland plot as easier to use. The data input must be the same. For tray towers ... 

The Gilliland correlation [23] of Figure 8-24A has proven satisfactory for many binary as well as multicomponent mixtures over a wide range of reflux ratios and number of plates. 

Figure 8-24B. Chart for reflux vs. trays. Use this nomogram for Gilliland s calculations for number of theoretical plates/trays. Used by permission, Mapstone, G.E., Hydrocarbon Processing, V. 47 No. 5 (1968), p. 169, Gulf Publishing Co., all rights reserved.

Example 8-9 Using Figure 8-24B to Solve Gilliland s Equation for Determining Minimum Theoretical Plates for Setting Actual Reflux (used by permission [122])... 

McCormick [97] presents a correlation for Gilliland s chart relating reflux, minimum reflux, number of stages, and minimum stages for multicomponent distillation. Selecting a multiplier for actual reflux over minimum reflux is important for any design. Depending on the com-... 

The benzene-toluene example of Robinson and Gilliland [59] has been elaborated on and expanded after the advanced distillation course of Holland [25], Figure 8-26. 

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