Giese equation

Another radical 1,4-addition was reported by Giese and Roth. In the photoaddition of a 5-alkylidene-l,3-dioxan-4-one with pentyl iodide, mediated by Bu3SnH and di-/r /t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), a 95 5 mixture of diastereoisomeric dioxanones was obtained in 63% yield (Equation 31) <1996JBS243>. 

The third and most recent theory comes from Matsumoto and Giese, who suggested that the observed steady-state (SSEPR) spectrum of radical c is due to a superposition of two conformations of the same radical, and that one of these structures has a pyramidalized center. Iwasaki et al. invoked a fourth model, hyperfine modulation, to explain the spectra of the propagating radical. They were able to simulate the observed 9- and 13-line SSEPR spectra using a set of modified Bloch equations for a two-site exchange model between two conformations. 

Metal-metal bond photolysis has found practical synthetic use in C-C bond-forming reactions. The metal-trapping reaction (Equation (10)) is used to generate an organic radical, which subsequently reacts with an alkene to form saturated and/or unsaturated products (Scheme 2). Giese has extensively developed this reaction for synthetic purposes, and reports that Cp2Fe2(GO)4 and Mn2(CO)io are both practical M-M bond precursors in these reactions. The method is also valuable for carrying out intramolecular cyclization reactions (Equation (12)). 

The thin-layer wicking technique has been used to characterize textile fabrics with respect to their surface tension ys (based on the acid-base approach [84]). The technique is based on the Washburn equation and was originally introduced by Giese et al. [115] and later modified by Chibowski and Holysz [116]. The method was found to be especially suitable for characterizing (strips of) textile fabrics [123,124] and the process of surfactant and dye adsorption by the fabrics [125-127]. 

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