Gibbs free energy change per mole

The standard Gibbs free energy change per mole accompanying vaporization (the conversion of a substance from the liquid state into the vapor state), standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) A hydrogen... 

If AG° is the standard state Gibbs free energy change per mole of monomer, one obtains the following expression when Equation 4.9 is applicable ... 

The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation can be used to calculate the standard free energy of formation of a compound. This quantity, AGf, is analogous to the enthalpy of formation, AH . It is defined as the free energy change per mole when a compound is formed from the elements in their stable states at 1 atm. 

The Gibbs free energy changes for the formaldehyde- and methanol-forming stages per mole of glucose converted are 81.9 kJ and -179.4 kJ, or a net reduction of -97.5 kJ, which is not very favorable. 

Many extensive properties can be normalized by the size of the system to give specific properties, that is, properties per unit mass, or per mole, or per volume. For example, consider the extensive Gibbs free-energy change (AG xn) involved in a chemical reaction, which can be normalized to an intensive quantity (AGjjjj) via... 

Enthalpy change or Gibbs free energy change joule per mole J moh ... 

A,G°, is the Gibbs energy change per mole of reaction when the reactants and products are all in their standard states. The equation relating standard free energy change to the equilibrium constant is AfG° = —RT In K. 

This relationship identifies the surface energy as the increment of the Gibbs free energy per unit change in area at constant temperature, pressure, and number of moles. The path-dependent variable dWs in Eq. (2.60) has been replaced by a state variable, namely, the Gibbs free energy. The energy interpretation of y has been carried to the point where it has been identified with a specific thermodynamic function. As a result, many of the relationships that apply to G also apply to y ... 

As this system proceeds toward equilibrium, the change in Gibbs free energy per additional mole reacting is... 

Note that in changing from a pure substance (equation (12.7)) to a solution (equation (12.9)), even though an ideal solution, we change from G to fj,. We still want to express the Gibbs free energy per mole of component 1, but in solutions this can only be done with p. 

To ensure equilibrium, Einstein assumed that the applied hydrodynamic force must be balanced by a steady thermodynamic force acting on each particle. This force may be identified with the change in Gibbs free energy G of the suspension due to the addition of the particle. It follows from the expression for chemical potential (Eq. 3.3.8), equal to the Gibbs free energy per mole, that... 

---